Oz-Energy-Analysis.ORG -- Liturature worth talking about -- Storage

Here we are shaking down a small number of papers on electricity storage for careful consideration. Current contenders are listed below.

Because electricity is not easy to store in large quantities (except perhaps using pumped storage hydro - requiring conveniently located mountains and lakes), the problem of meeting demand is mostly meet by controlling the supply - this being comparatively straightforward when the power comes from burning coal or gas. When the power comes from renewables, however, there is no such control over the supply (it is not 'dispatchable'), and thus the question of storage becomes more important.

Below, are some papers that we have read, or are considering reading (i.e. reading carefully); Your comments and suggestions on these papers and others we might consider will be appreciated.

H. Chen, T. N. Cong, W. Yang, C. Tan, Y. Li, and Y. Ding, B
Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review
Prog. Natural Sci., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 291-312, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.07.014

Provides what appears to be a comprehensive background / summary of different storage technologies. Examines and contrasts storage technologies on the following criteria: technological maturity, lifetime, costs, energy density and efficiency - and on being environmentally benign.

William F. Pickard, Amy Q. Shen, and Nicholas J. Hansing
Parking the power: Strategies and physical limitations for bulk energy storage in supply-demand matching on a grid whose input power is provided by intermittent sources
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13 (2009) 1934-1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.03.002

Good description of the type of analysis of required storage to solve intermittency problems. Does an assessment of many different storage technologies, concluding pumped storage hydro to be the best option, irrespective of electricity price.

Christopher Schaber, Patrick Mazza, and Roel Hammerschlag
Utility-Scale Storage of Renewable Energy
The Electricity Journal, July 2004, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2004.05.005

Looks to divert attention away from hydrogen as a storage technology, saying its efficiency is 40%, while others are ~75%. Does not appear to be a strong analysis.

B.C. Ummels, E. Pelgrum, and W.L. Kling
Integration of large-scale wind power and use of energy storage in the Netherlands' electricity supply
IET Renew. Power Gener., 2008, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 34-46, http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg:20070056

An assessment of wind and storage, with what appears to be in depth work on cost. The conclusion is that heat boilers are a good option in the Netherlands (not relevant to us), but also that storage more generally does reduce wind energy loss.

S. Jalal Kazempour, M. Parsa Moghaddam, M.R. Haghifam, G.R. Yousef
Electric energy storage systems in a market-based economy: Comparison of emerging and traditional technologies
Renewable Energy 34 (2009) 2630-2639, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.04.027

Compares and contrasts - including a cost analysis - NaS batteries (an emerging technology) to pumped storage hydro (an established technology). Apparently NaS batteries can be as large as 100s of MWh. Concludes that newer, but otherwise on-par, technologies need financial incentives to be competitive.

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LITERATURE - Storage Papers

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